lobal meat consumption, in particular consumption of poultry meat, is on the rise, historically driven by population growth and shifting dietary preferences in economies such as China and Brazil. This rise in demand has resulted in a global increase in livestock production, which has placed significant strain on the environment. By 2017, livestock production contributed 14.5% of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and used 8% of global water supply.

3Keel was commissioned by WWF-UK to provide an overview of the environmental impact of the global production of livestock feed. Using a combination of desk-based research and interviews with WWF staff and experts, 3Keel summarised the environmental impacts of livestock feed, identifying future trends and key stakeholders.

The report focused on crop production for feed, as crops make up a significant proportion of feed inputs, and could be directed to human consumption. At the time, the literature tended to focus heavily on the impact of soy production in the Amazon region, looking mainly at deforestation. 3Keel decided to take a more holistic view, looking at the impact of other important feed crops, such as maize, on key eco-regions of the world. We used geo-spatial data to model the interaction between current and predicted maize production and priority eco-regions, water basins and rivers.

The final report analysed possible interventions to reduce the impact of livestock feed on the environment, classifying them according to their likely effectiveness. Based on this analysis, we provided recommendations to WWF-UK on potential future work in this area.